penalty
词根词缀：
impunity n. 不受惩罚
im 不 + pun 惩罚 + ity 具备某种性质，状况 → 不受惩罚
penal adj. 刑罚的
pen 惩罚 + al …的 → 刑罚的
penalize v. 处罚
penal〔= pen〕惩罚 + ize 使 → 处罚
penalty n. 惩罚
penal 刑罚的 + ty 表情况 → 惩罚
penance n. 赎罪
pen 惩罚 + ance 表状况 → 接受惩罚 → 赎罪
penitent adj. 后悔的
penit〔= pen〕惩罚 + ent 具有…性质的，关于…的 → 因受惩罚而后悔 → 后悔的
punish v. 惩罚
pun 惩罚 + ish 使… → 惩罚
punishment n. 惩罚
punish 惩罚 + ment 表结果 → 惩罚
repent v. 后悔
re 反 + pent〔= pen〕惩罚 → 反过来惩罚自己 → 后悔
数据来源：新东方英语词汇速记大全
相关例句：
The referee blew his whistle for a penalty.
裁判鸣哨判罚。
The referee ignored voices baying for a penalty.
裁判对要求判罚点球的叫喊声不予理睬。
We do not ask for the death penalty: barbarism must not be met with barbarism.
我们不赞成死刑：不能以暴制暴。
Thirteen people have been charged with treason — an offence which can carry the death penalty
13人被控犯有叛国罪——一种可处死刑的罪行。
If convicted for murder, both youngsters could face the death penalty.
如果谋杀罪名成立，这两个年轻人都可能会被判处死刑。
Supporters of the death penalty argue that it would deter criminals from carrying guns
死刑的支持者认为它能阻吓罪犯携带枪支。